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ÃÀÓÑÑÀ ÔÎÐÌÓËÀ
ÃÀÓÑÑÀ ÔÎÐÌÓËÀ: 1°. Ôîðìóëà, âûðàæàþùàÿ ïîëíóþ êðèâèçíó ïîâåðõíîñòè ÷åðåç êîýôôèöèåíòû ïåðâîé êâàäðàòè÷íîé ôîðìû . Ã. ô. èìååò âèä:
ãäå , , , , , , , , , .
Ã. ô. óñòàíàâëèâàåò òîò ôàêò, ÷òî ïîëíàÿ êðèâèçíà ïîâåðõíîñòè, îïðåäåëÿåìàÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ âòîðîé êâàäðàòè÷íîé ôîðìû, ìîæåò áûòü âûðàæåíà ÷åðåç êîýôôèöèåíòû ïåðâîé êâàäðàòè÷íîé ôîðìû è, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ïðèíàäëåæèò âíóòðåííåé ãåîìåòðèè ïîâåðõíîñòè. Ýòî çíà÷èò, ÷òî êðèâèçíà ïîâåðõíîñòè îäíîçíà÷íî îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ìåòðèêîé ñàìîé ïîâåðõíîñòè; ïðè ýòîì êðèâèçíà íå ìåíÿåòñÿ ïðè èçãèáàíèè ïîâåðõíîñòè è íå çàâèñèò îò ñïîñîáà âëîæåíèÿ ïîâåðõíîñòè â òðåõìåðíîå åâêëèäîâî ïðîñòðàíñòâî.
Óòâåðæäåíèÿ, ñîäåðæàùèåñÿ â Ã. ô., íîñÿò íàçâàíèå theorema egreghium — áëåñòÿùàÿ òåîðåìà (ëàò).
Åñëè íà ïîâåðõíîñòè çàäàíà îðòîãîíàëüíàÿ ñèñòåìà êîîðäèíàò ñ ëèíåéíûì ýëåìåíòîì , òî Ã. ô. ïðèíèìàåò áîëåå ïðîñòîé âèä:
2°. Ôîðìóëà äëÿ ïðèáëèæåííîãî âû÷èñëåíèÿ îïðåäåëåííûõ èíòåãðàëîâ:
,
ãäå êîýôôèöèåíòû è àáñöèññû äàþòñÿ â ñïåöèàëüíûõ òàáëèöàõ. Ã. ô. ÿâëÿåòñÿ ãîðàçäî áîëåå òî÷íîé, ÷åì ôîðìóëû ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ êâàäðàòóð (ñì. ×èñëåííîå èíòåãðèðîâàíèå).
Ã. ô. äàåò ñîâåðøåííî òî÷íûé ðåçóëüòàò, åñëè ïîäûíòåãðàëüíàÿ ôóíêöèÿ — ìíîãî÷ëåí ñòåïåíè íå âûøå ÷åì .
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