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ÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÐÅØÅÍÈÅ
ÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÐÅØÅÍÈÅ óðàâíåíèé — ïðèáëèæåííîå ðåøåíèå óðàâíåíèé âèäà , ãäå è — ôóíêöèÿ äåéñòâèòåëüíîé ïåðåìåííîé, ñ ïîìîùüþ ïîñòðîåíèÿ ãðàôèêîâ ôóíêöèé è , ñâîäÿùååñÿ ê íàõîæäåíèþ àáñöèññ òî÷åê ïåðåñå÷åíèÿ ýòèõ ãðàôèêîâ.
Ã. ð. óðàâíåíèé äàåò íàãëÿäíîå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå î ÷èñëå êîðíåé (ðåøåíèé) óðàâíåíèÿ. Ã. ð. óðàâíåíèé îáû÷íî èñïîëüçóþò òîãäà, êîãäà íåò èëè òðóäíî íàéòè äðóãèå ìåòîäû ðåøåíèé óðàâíåíèÿ.  øêîëå ïðèáåãàþò ê Ã. ð. íå òîëüêî óðàâíåíèé, íî è íåðàâåíñòâ, à òàêæå ñèñòåì óðàâíåíèé è íåðàâåíñòâ.
Ïðèìåðû
1. Ã. ð. óðàâíåíèÿ , èëè , ñâîäèòñÿ ê ïîñòðîåíèþ ãðàôèêîâ ôóíêöèé è è âû÷èñëåíèþ àáñöèññû òî÷êè ïåðåñå÷åíèÿ ýòèõ ãðàôèêîâ (ðèñ. 43, à) .
2. Ã. ð. óðàâíåíèÿ ñâîäèòñÿ ê ïðèáëèæåííîìó íàõîæäåíèþ àáñöèññ òî÷åê ïåðåñå÷åíèÿ ãðàôèêîâ ôóíêöèé è (ðèñ. 43, á); ðåøåíèåì ýòîãî óðàâíåíèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ìíîæåñòâî ÷èñåë: {2,7; 7,4; 8,2}, âçÿòûõ ñ òî÷íîñòüþ äî 0,1.
Ðèñ. 43
Ïðè Ã. ð. óðàâíåíèé íåîáõîäèìî ó÷åñòü, ÷òî äàëåêî íå âñåãäà ëåãêî íàéòè ïðèáëèæåííûå çíà÷åíèÿ êîðíåé óðàâíåíèÿ. Òàê, ÷èòàòåëü íà ïðèìåðå ðåøåíèÿ óðàâíåíèÿ ïðè ìîæåò óáåäèòüñÿ, ÷òî íàéòè òðè êîðíÿ ýòîãî óðàâíåíèÿ ãðàôè÷åñêè äîâîëüíî òðóäíî. Îäíàêî íåðàâåíñòâî ðåøàåòñÿ ãðàôè÷åñêè âåñüìà ïðîñòî: ãðàôèê ôóíêöèè ëåæèò íèæå ãðàôèêà ôóíêöèè äëÿ âñåõ èç ïðîìåæóòêà: . Êîíå÷íî, óïîìÿíóòîå íåðàâåíñòâî ëåãêî ðåøèòü è ìåòîäîì èíòåðâàëîâ, è íà îñíîâå îïðåäåëåíèÿ ìîäóëÿ ÷èñëà, è âîçâûøåíèåì îáåèõ ÷àñòåé íåðàâåíñòâà â êâàäðàò, è íà îñíîâå ôîðìóëû ðàññòîÿíèÿ ìåæäó äâóìÿ òî÷êàìè.
Ñì. òàêæå: Óðàâíåíèå, Òðèãîíîìåòðè÷åñêèå óðàâíåíèÿ, Ëîãàðèôìè÷åñêîå óðàâíåíèå.
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