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ÃÎÌÎËÎÃÈß
ÃÎÌÎËÎÃÈß â ïðîåêòèâíîé ãåîìåòðèè — âçàèìíî îäíîçíà÷íîå ïðîåêòèâíîå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå ïðîåêòèâíîé ïëîñêîñòè, ïðè êîòîðîì íåêîòîðàÿ ïðÿìàÿ (îñü Ã.) îñòàåòñÿ íåïîäâèæíîé.  Ã., íå ÿâëÿþùåéñÿ òîæäåñòâåííûì ïðåîáðàçîâàíèåì, âñå ïðÿìûå, ñîåäèíÿþùèå ñîîòâåòñòâåííûå òî÷êè ( è , è ), ïåðåñåêàþòñÿ â îäíîé òî÷êå — öåíòðå Ã., à ñîîòâåòñòâåííûå ïðÿìûå ( è ) ïåðåñåêàþòñÿ íà îñè ãîìîëîãèè.
Åñëè öåíòð íå ëåæèò íà îñè Ã., òî Ã. íàçûâàåòñÿ íåîñîáåííîé (èëè ãèïåðáîëè÷åñêîé, ðèñ. 38, à); åñëè öåíòð ëåæèò íà îñè Ã., òî Ã. íàçûâàåòñÿ îñîáåííîé (èëè ïàðàáîëè÷åñêîé). Îáû÷íî Ã. çàäàåòñÿ öåíòðîì , îñüþ è ïàðîé ñîîòâåòñòâåííûõ òî÷åê . Ã. ñ ñîáñòâåííûì (êîíå÷íûì) öåíòðîì è íåñîáñòâåííîé (áåñêîíå÷íî óäàëåííîé) îñüþ (ðèñ. 38, á) åñòü ãîìîòåòèÿ; Ã. ñ íåñîáñòâåííûì öåíòðîì è ñîáñòâåííîé îñüþ åñòü ðàñòÿæåíèå (ñæàòèå) ê îñè (ðèñ. 38, â), Ã. ñ íåñîáñòâåííûì öåíòðîì . è íåñîáñòâåííîé îñüþ (öåíòð ëåæèò, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, íà îñè) åñòü ïàðàëëåëüíûé ïåðåíîñ. Îñîáàÿ Ã. ñ íåñîáñòâåííûì öåíòðîì , íî ñ ñîáñòâåííîé îñüþ (öåíòð ëåæèò íà îñè) åñòü ïàðàëëåëüíûé ïåðåíîñ (ðèñ. 38, ã). Âñÿêîå ïðîåêòèâíîå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå ïëîñêîñòè åñòü ïðîèçâåäåíèå äâóõ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé: Ã. è ïåðåìåùåíèÿ.
Ðèñ. 38
Îò ãðå÷. — ñîîòâåòñòâèå, ñîãëàñèå.
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