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ÃÐÀÔÎÂ ÒÅÎÐÈß
ÃÐÀÔΠÒÅÎÐÈß — ðàçäåë êîíå÷íîé ìàòåìàòèêè, äëÿ êîòîðîãî õàðàêòåðåí ãåîìåòðè÷åñêèé ïîäõîä ê ðåøåíèþ âîïðîñîâ. Îñíîâíûì ñîäåðæàíèåì Ã. ò. ÿâëÿåòñÿ èçó÷åíèå ãðàôîâ. Ïåðâîé ðàáîòîé, îòíîñÿùåéñÿ ê Ã. ò., ñ÷èòàåòñÿ îäíà èç ðàáîò Ë. Ýéëåðà (1736), îäíàêî ñóùåñòâåííûå ðåçóëüòàòû â Ã. ò., ïîçâîëèâøèå âûäåëèòüñÿ Ã. ò. â ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíûé ðàçäåë ìàòåìàòèêè, áûëè ïîëó÷åíû ëèøü â XX â.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ Ã. ò. áóðíî ðàçâèâàåòñÿ, èìååò ïðèëîæåíèÿ êàê â êëàññè÷åñêèõ ðàçäåëàõ ìàòåìàòèêè, òàê è â íîâûõ (àëãåáðà, òîïîëîãèÿ, òåîðèÿ ÷èñåë, áóëåâû àëãåáðû, òåîðèÿ àâòîìàòîâ è äð.), à òàêæå â òåîðèè ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ, ñåòåâîì ïëàíèðîâàíèè, â èçó÷åíèè ôèçè÷åñêèõ, õèìè÷åñêèõ, òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ, ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ, ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ. Åñòü îñíîâàíèå ïîëàãàòü, ÷òî îáëàñòü ïðèìåíåíèÿ Ã. ò. áóäåò ðàñøèðÿòüñÿ è â áóäóùåì.
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