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ÃÈÏÏÎÊÐÀÒÎÂÛ ËÓÍÎ×ÊÈ
ÃÈÏÏÎÊÐÀÒÎÂÛ ËÓÍÎ×ÊÈ — ïëîñêèå ôèãóðû, îãðàíè÷åííûå äóãàìè äâóõ îêðóæíîñòåé, äëÿ êîòîðûõ ìîæíî öèðêóëåì è ëèíåéêîé (êëàññè÷åñêèå èíñòðóìåíòû ãåîìåòðè÷åñêèõ ïîñòðîåíèé) âûïîëíèòü ïîñòðîåíèå ðàâíîâåëèêîãî ïðÿìîóãîëüíèêà. Ã. ë. íàçâàíû ïî èìåíè äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîãî ìàòåìàòèêà Ãèïïîêðàòà Õèîññêîãî (èç Õèîñà, V â. äî í. ý.; íå ñìåøèâàòü ñî çíàìåíèòûì ãðå÷åñêèì âðà÷îì Ãèïïîêðàòîì èç Êîñà (460—377 (?) äî è. ý.)). Ãèïïîêðàò, çàíèìàÿñü âîïðîñîì êâàäðàòóðû êðóãà, íàøåë òðè êâàäðèðóåìûå Ã. ë., âïîñëåäñòâèè äðóãèìè ìàòåìàòèêàìè áûëè íàéäåíû åùå äâå òàêèå Ã. ë.
Îäíîé èç ïåðâûõ çàäà÷ êâàäðèðîâàíèÿ Ã. ë. áûëà òàêàÿ: ñóììà ïëîùàäåé äâóõ ëóíî÷åê, îáðàçîâàííûõ äóãàìè îêðóæíîñòåé ñ öåíòðàìè â ñåðåäèíàõ ñòîðîí ðàâíîáåäðåííîãî ïðÿìîóãîëüíîãî òðåóãîëüíèêà, ðàâíà ïëîùàäè ýòîãî òðåóãîëüíèêà (ðèñ. 37).
Ðèñ. 37
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