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ÃÐÓÏÏÀ ÏÐÅÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈÉ
ÃÐÓÏÏÀ ÏÐÅÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈÉ. Ïóñòü — íåêîòîðîå ìíîæåñòâî è ; — äâà âçàèìíî îäíîçíà÷íûõ îòîáðàæåíèÿ ýòîãî ìíîæåñòâà íà ñåáÿ. Òîãäà îïðåäåëåíû âçàèìíî îäíîçíà÷íûå îòîáðàæåíèÿ (êîìïîçèöèÿ îòîáðàæåíèé è ), , (îáðàòíûå îòîáðàæåíèÿ ê ñîîòâåòñòâåííî). Êàê èçâåñòíî, îïåðàöèÿ êîìïîçèöèè îòîáðàæåíèé îáëàäàåò ñâîéñòâîì àññîöèàòèâíîñòè, ò. å., â ÷àñòíîñòè, äëÿ ëþáûõ òðåõ âçàèìíî îäíîçíà÷íûõ îòîáðàæåíèé ñïðàâåäëèâî . Ýòî îáñòîÿòåëüñòâî ïîçâîëÿåò ââåñòè â ìíîæåñòâî âñåõ âçàèìíî îäíîçíà÷íûõ îòîáðàæåíèé (ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé) ìíîæåñòâà ñòðóêòóðó ãðóïïû îòíîñèòåëüíî îïåðàöèè êîìïîçèöèè îòîáðàæåíèé. Ïîñòðîåííàÿ òàêèì ñïîñîáîì ãðóïïà, à òàêæå ëþáàÿ å¸ ïîäãðóïïà íàçûâàåòñÿ Ã. ï. ìíîæåñòâà .
Ïðèìåð. Åñëè — êîíå÷íîå ìíîæåñòâî è åãî ýëåìåíòû çàíóìåðîâàíû ñèìâîëàìè , òî âñÿêîå âçàèìíî îäíîçíà÷íîå îòîáðàæåíèå ìíîæåñòâà íà ñåáÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïåðåñòàíîâêîé ñèìâîëîâ . Ìíîæåñòâî âñåõ ïåðåñòàíîâîê îòíîñèòåëüíî îïåðàöèè óìíîæåíèÿ ïåðåñòàíîâîê ÿâëÿåòñÿ ãðóïïîé (ñì. Ñèììåòðè÷åñêàÿ ãðóïïà).
×àñòî ïîíÿòèå Ã. ï. ðàññìàòðèâàþò ïðè äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ óñëîâèÿõ, íàëàãàåìûõ íà ìíîæåñòâî è åãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ.  ýòèõ ñëó÷àÿõ ïðåäïîëàãàþò, ÷òî ìíîæåñòâî íàäåëåíî íåêîòîðîé ñòðóêòóðîé, à ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ìíîæåñòâà ñîõðàíÿþò ýòó ñòðóêòóðó.
Ïðèìåðû. 1) — n-ìåðíîå ëèíåéíîå ïðîñòðàíñòâî, à îòîáðàæåíèÿ íà ñåáÿ — (íåâûðîæäåííûå) ëèíåéíûå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ. Ìíîæåñòâî âñåõ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé , îáëàäàþùèõ óêàçàííûì ñâîéñòâîì, ÿâëÿåòñÿ ãðóïïîé îòíîñèòåëüíî êîìïîçèöèè ëèíåéíûõ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé.
2) — ãëàäêîå ìíîãîîáðàçèå, îòîáðàæåíèÿ íà ñåáÿ — äèôôåîìîðôèçìû. Ìíîæåñòâî âñåõ äèôôåîìîðôèçìîâ ìíîãîîáðàçèÿ îòíîñèòåëüíî îïåðàöèè êîìïîçèöèè äèôôåîìîðôèçìîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ãðóïïîé, îáîçíà÷àåìîé ñèìâîëîì .
3) — åâêëèäîâî ïðîñòðàíñòâî, îòîáðàæåíèÿ íà ñåáÿ — ïåðåìåùåíèÿ. Ìíîæåñòâî âñåõ ïåðåìåùåíèé ïðîñòðàíñòâà îòíîñèòåëüíî îïåðàöèè êîìïîçèöèè ïåðåìåùåíèé ÿâëÿåòñÿ ãðóïïîé.
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